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Except in Ex. 30: 25 (where the Hebrew words are mishchah and roqach, and may be translated "an oil of holy ointment, a perfume"), and in 1 Chr. 9: 30; Job 41: 31 (where the words are derived from roqach), the Hebrew word is shemen, which is constantly translated 'oil.' It is used for 'fatness, oil, spiced oil,' and hence 'ointment,' with which on joyful occasions the head was anointed, Ps. 133: 2, and is elsewhere called the 'oil of gladness.' Ps. 45: 7: cf. Prov. 27: 9, 16;
Ecc. 7: 1; Ecc. 9: 8; Amos 6: 6. As an emollient it was applied to
wounds or bruises. Isa. 1: 6. In the N.T. the word is μύρον, 'oil mingled with fragrant spices:' with such Mary anointed the Lord, and its perfume filled the house, John 12: 3, 5; it was also used by a woman 'which was a sinner.' Luke 7: 37, 38. The ointment would be more or less costly according to the ingredients.